In 1870, Fritsch and Hitzig first studied primary motor cortex in the monkey brain using electrical stimulation, and in 1881, Hermann Munk used lesion methods to localize the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe (cited in Gross 1998). Only now, more than one hundred years later, has neuroscience begun to identify the neuronal pathways that connect these two areas. We are finally beginning to understand the routes through which vision is transformed into action.